Thursday 31 May 2012

Wilhelm Maybach


Wilhelm Maybach (help·info) (German pronunciation: ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈmaɪbax; 9 February 1846 – 29 December 1929) was an aboriginal German engine artist and industrialist. During the 1890s he was hailed in France, again the apple centre for car production, as the "King of constructors".

From the backward 19th aeon Wilhelm Maybach, calm with Gottlieb Daimler, developed light, accelerated centralized agitation engines acceptable for land, water, and air use. These were adapted to the world's aboriginal motorcycle, motorboat, and afterwards Daimler's death, to a new auto alien in backward 1902, the Mercedes model, congenital to the blueprint of Emil Jellinek.

Maybach rose to become abstruse administrator of the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, or DMG, (and never accepted by the English name of the absolutely abstracted English business, The Daimler Motor Company) but he did not get on able-bodied with its chairmen. As a aftereffect Maybach larboard DMG in 1907 to begin Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH calm with his son Karl in 1909; they bogus Zeppelin engines. Afterwards the signing of the Versailles Treaty in 1919 the aggregation started bearing ample affluence vehicles, branded as "Maybach". The aggregation abutting the German war accomplishment in 1940, abeyance automotive assembly in favour of catchbasin engines, including those for Tiger tanks.

In 1998 Daimler-Benz alloyed with Chrysler Corporation to become DaimlerChrysler. The new aggregation active the Maybach cast name as a affluence accomplish in 2002. On November 25, 2011, Daimler-Benz appear they would cease bearing automobiles beneath the Maybach cast name in 2013

Early life and career beginnings (1846 to 1869


Wilhelm Maybach was built-in in Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg in 1846, the son of a carpenter and his wife Luise. He had four brothers. When he was eight years old the ancestors confused from Löwenstein abreast Heilbronn to Stuttgart. His mother died in 1856 and his ancestor in 1859.

After his ancestors appear an advertisement in the Stuttgarter Anzeiger newspaper, a altruistic academy at Reutlingen took in Maybach as a student. Its architect and director, Gustav Werner, apparent Maybach's abstruse affection and helped to activate his career by sending him to the school's engineering workshop. At 15 years old (1861), Maybach was branch for a career in Industrial architecture and took added classes in physics and mathematics at Reutlingen's accessible top school.

By the time he was 19 years old, he was a able artist alive on anchored engines. His branch manager, Gottlieb Daimler, again 29, noticed his efforts and took him on as his capital assistant, a column he captivated until Daimler's afterlife in 1900.

Daimler and Otto's four-stroke engine (1869 to 1880)


In 1869, Maybach followed Daimler to Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe AG in Karlsruhe, a architect of abundant locomotives. Daimler was on the Executive Committee and they spent continued nights discussing new designs for engines, pumps, barge machinery, and metalworking.

In 1872, Daimler confused to Deutz-AG-Gasmotorenfabrik in Cologne, again the world's better architect of anchored gas engines. Nikolaus Otto, allotment buyer of the company, focused on engine development with Daimler. Maybach abutting them as Chief Designer.

In 1876, Nikolaus Otto patented the Otto aeon engine. It was a four-stroke aeon gas centralized agitation engine with intake, compression, power, and bankrupt strokes. Otto's apparent on this engine was afterwards challenged and overturned.

Also in 1876, Maybach was beatific to appearance Deutz's engines at the Philadelphia World's Fair (USA). On abiding to Cologne in 1877, he concentrated on convalescent the four-stroke architecture to get it accessible for its approaching bartering launch.

In 1878, Maybach affiliated Bertha Wilhelmine Habermaas a acquaintance of Daimler's wife, Emma Kunz. Her ancestors associates were landowners who ran the column appointment in Maulbronn. On 6 July 1879 Karl Maybach was born, the aboriginal of their three sons.

In 1880, Daimler and Otto had austere disagreements which resulted in Daimler abrogation Deutz-AG. Daimler accustomed 112,000 goldmarks in Deutz-AG shares as advantage for patents accepted to him and Maybach. Maybach aswell larboard anon afterwards, and followed his acquaintance to begin a new aggregation in Cannstatt.

editDaimler Motors: fast and baby engines (1882)

Daimler's summer abode (Cannstatt)

In 1882, Maybach confused to Taubenheimstrasse in Cannstatt, Stuttgart area Daimler had purchased a abode with 75,000 goldmarks from his Deutz compensation. They added a brick addendum to the glass-fronted summer abode in the garden, which became their workshop.

Their activities abashed the neighbours who doubtable they were affianced in counterfeiting. The badge raided the acreage in their absence application the gardener's key, but begin alone engines.

In 1884, Maybach's additional son, Adolf was born.

editThe Grandfather Alarm engine (1885)

By the end of 1885, Maybach and Daimler developed the aboriginal of their engines, which is admired as a forerunner to all avant-garde petrol engines. It featured:

single accumbent cylinder

air cooling

large cast-iron flywheel

revolutionary hot tube agitation (Patent 28022)

exhaust valve controlled by a camshaft acceptance top speeds

a acceleration of 600 rpm, if at the time a lot of engines could alone accomplish about 120 to 180 rpm.

In 1885, they created the aboriginal carburetor, which alloyed evaporated gasoline with air to acquiesce its able use as fuel. It was acclimated that year on a beyond but still bunched adaptation of the engine, now with a vertical cylinder, that featured:

1 Horsepower at 600 rpm output

100 cc engine displacement

non cooled cloistral butt with able hot-tube agitation (patent DRP-28-022)

Daimler baptized it the Standuhr (Grandfather Clock) because of its affinity to a alarm clock.

Replica of the Reitwagen

In November 1885, Daimler installed a abate adaptation of the engine into a board bicycle, creating the aboriginal motorcycle (patent 36-423 - Car with gas or petroleum engine), and Maybach collection it three kilometers from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim, extensive 7.5 mph (12 km/h). It became accepted as the Reitwagen.

On 8 March 1886, the inventors took a stagecoach congenital by Wilhelm Wimpff & Sohn central the house, cogent the neighbours that it was a altogether allowance for Mrs. Daimler. Maybach supervised the accession of an continued 1.5 hp Grandfather Alarm engine into the coach, and installed a belt drive to the wheels. The car accomplished 10 mph (15 km/h) if activated on the alley to Untertürkheim.

Maybach and Daimler went on to prove the engine in abounding added means including:

On baptize (1887). It was army in a 4.5-metre-long baiter which accomplished 6 knots (11 km/h). The baiter was alleged the Neckar afterwards the river it was activated on and was registered as apparent amount DRP 39-367. Motor baiter engines would become their capital artefact until the aboriginal decade of the 1900s.

More alley cars including artery cars

In the air. They congenital the aboriginal automatic airship, a airship based on designs by Dr. Friedrich Hermann Wölfert from Leipzig. They replaced his duke operated drive arrangement and flew over Seelberg auspiciously on 10 August 1888.

By 1887 they were licensing their aboriginal patents abroad, and Maybach represented the aggregation at the abundant Paris Exposition Universelle (1889).

First Daimler-Maybach automobile built (1889)


Between April and October 1900, Maybach advised a absolutely new affectionate of car aggressive by antagonism which would be alleged the Mercedes 35 hp if appear in 1902. It featured:

long wheResources were bare to accumulate the business traveling as neither the engine sales nor the common gain from their patents were acquiescent abundant money. Fresh basic was injected by bringing in the financiers Max von Duttenhofer and William Lorenz, above ammunition makers, who were associated with Kilian von Steiner buyer of a German investment bank. The aggregation was taken public.

In 1890, Daimler and Maybach calm founded the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, the Daimler Motor Aggregation or DMG for short, which was committed to the architecture of baby top acceleration centralized agitation engines for land, water, or air transport. Maybach was Chief Designer. Afterwards spending connected hours debating which ammunition was best to use in Otto's four-stroke engine, which had commonly acclimated methane gas as a fuel, they angry to petroleum which until afresh had been acclimated mainly as a cleaner and awash in pharmacies.

The company's re-foundation took abode on 28 November 1890. This has been admired as a "pact with the devil" by some German historians,2 as the afterward decade was anarchic for Daimler and Maybach. DMG connected to expand, affairs engines from Moscow to New York, and added anchored engine-making accommodation was added, but the acceptance connected that auto assembly wouldn't be profitable. The new chairmen planned to absorb DMG and Deutz-AG, in animosity of Gottlieb's altercation with Nikolaus Otto.

Daimler and Chief Engineer Maybach adopted to aftermath automobiles and reacted adjoin Duttenhofer and Lorenz in particular. Maybach was alone as a affiliate of the Board of Management and larboard the aggregation on 11 February 1891, and connected his architecture plan from his own house, financed by Gottlieb Daimler. In backward 1892, he set up a boutique in the amphitheater of the above Hermann Hotel and Winter Garden area he active 17 workers, 5 of which were paid by Daimler.

In 1894 Maybach advised his third engine model, calm with Daimler and his son Paul. Acclimated in the Phoenix, it acquired common attention, beat the use of four cylinders in the auto and featuring:

single block casting of cylinders, abiding angular and alongside to anniversary other

camshaft controlled bankrupt valves

spray-nozzle carburetor (patented by Maybach in 1893)

improved belt drive

Some of these cars acquired aboriginal abode in the petrol engine class in the aboriginal auto chase in history, the Paris to Rouen 1894.

Maybach's creations are advised some of the finest motors of the additional bisected of the 19th century. His inventions became basal for any archetypal by any automaker in the world. He became recognised as the courage of France's aboriginal auto industry area he was hailed as the "King of Constructors".

Daimler was affected out of his column as Technical Director at DMG and accommodated in 1893, which damaged DMG's prestige. However, in 1894, a British industrialist, Frederick Simms, purchased the rights to the Phoenix engine for 350,000 marks and stabilised the companies finances. He aswell fabricated it a action that Daimler was re-employed. In 1895 DMG accumulated its 1,000th engine, and Maybach aswell alternate as Chief Engineer, accepting 30,000 Goldmark account of shares through his aboriginal arrangement with Gottlieb Daimler.

Maybach patented added auto inventions including:

a advocate cooling system, tubular radiator with fan

the bore radiator3

Around this time admitting Maybach suffered two setbacks. His boyish additional son, Adolf, suffered a schizophrenia advance and spent the blow of his activity in assorted brainy institutions (In 1940 he was murdered by the Nazis as allotment of the Euthanasia Program). In 1900, Gottlieb Daimler died of affection disease.Sales increased, mostly from the Neckar motorboat. In June 1887, Daimler bought acreage in the Seelberg Hills of Cannstatt. The branch was some ambit from the boondocks on Ludwig Route 67, because Cannstatt's ambassador objected to the attendance of the branch in the town. It covered 2,903 aboveboard meters and amount 30,200 goldmarks. They initially active 23 people. Daimler managed the bartering issues and Maybach the architecture department.

In 1889 they congenital their aboriginal auto to be advised from blemish rather than as an adjustment of a stagecoach. It was about launched by both inventors in Paris in October 1889.

Daimler's engine licenses began to be taken up throughout the world, starting the avant-garde car industry in:

France, 1890, Panhard & Levassor and Peugeot

United Kingdom, 1896, The Daimler Motor Aggregation of Coventry

United States of America, 1891, Steinway

Austro-Daimler in Austria, starting in 1899elbase

wide track

low height

unheard-of ability from its 35 hp engine acceptance it to ability 40 mph (64,4 km/h).

Emil Jellinek, a acknowledged Austrian banker and antagonism disciplinarian on the French Riviera who abundantly admired Maybach's work, promised to buy a addition of 36 automobiles for 550,000 goldmarks if Maybach could architecture a abundant chase car for him afterward his specifications.

The ancestor was accomplished in December 1900 and, in 1901 went on to accept a cord of antagonism successes. Its engine was baptized Daimler-Mercedes (Spanish for mercy) afterwards Mercedes Jellinek, Emil's 10–year–old daughter. European top association bought the car in ample numbers authoritative it the bartering success that assertive the aggregation admiral there was a approaching in automobiles. Assembly added abundantly and DMG rapidly added in admeasurement and amount of employees. DMG clearly registered the Mercedes brand in June 1902.

In 1902, a blaze destroyed DMG's Cannstatt accessories and the aggregation confused to Stuttgart-Untertürkheim. Maybach connected with his innovations:

a 6-cylinder/70 hp engine (1903–04)

a avant-garde aircraft engine: a top acceleration antagonism engine of 120 hp, with aerial basin and bankrupt valves and bifold agitation (1906)

DMG demoted him to an "Inventor's Office" causing him to leave the aggregation afresh in 1907. DMG replaced him with Paul Daimler. That aforementioned year, the German Engineers Association (VDI) accustomed Wilhelm Maybach as an honorary member.

Daimler-Mercedes engine of 1900


Between April and October 1900, Maybach advised a absolutely new affectionate of car aggressive by antagonism which would be alleged the Mercedes 35 hp if appear in 1902. It featured:

long wheelbase

wide track

low height

unheard-of ability from its 35 hp engine acceptance it to ability 40 mph (64,4 km/h).

Emil Jellinek, a acknowledged Austrian banker and antagonism disciplinarian on the French Riviera who abundantly admired Maybach's work, promised to buy a addition of 36 automobiles for 550,000 goldmarks if Maybach could architecture a abundant chase car for him afterward his specifications.

The ancestor was accomplished in December 1900 and, in 1901 went on to accept a cord of antagonism successes. Its engine was baptized Daimler-Mercedes (Spanish for mercy) afterwards Mercedes Jellinek, Emil's 10–year–old daughter. European top association bought the car in ample numbers authoritative it the bartering success that assertive the aggregation admiral there was a approaching in automobiles. Production added abundantly and DMG rapidly added in admeasurement and amount of employees. DMG clearly registered the Mercedes brand in June 1902.

In 1902, a blaze destroyed DMG's Cannstatt accessories and the aggregation confused to Stuttgart-Untertürkheim. Maybach connected with his innovations:

a 6-cylinder/70 hp engine (1903–04)

a avant-garde aircraft engine: a top acceleration antagonism engine of 120 hp, with aerial basin and bankrupt valves and bifold agitation (1906)

DMG demoted him to an "Inventor's Office" causing him to leave the aggregation afresh in 1907. DMG replaced him with Paul Daimler. That aforementioned year, the German Engineers Association (VDI) accustomed Wilhelm Maybach as an honorary member.

Zeppelin engines (1908)


In 1900, Maybach had had his aboriginal acquaintance with Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin who approved to advance the engines of the Zeppelin LZ1 airship. Maybach congenital some engines for him based on sketches of a 150 hp assemblage created by his son, Karl, while at DMG.

In 1908, Count Zeppelin attempted to advertise his models LZ3 and LZ4 to the government. On 5 August, LZ4 exploded adjoin a row of copse afterwards attempting an emergency landing if its engines failed. This was far from getting the end for the aeroplane activity as 6.25 actor goldmarks were aloft in a donation attack afterwards the accident. Count Zeppelin founded the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH, the aggregation that congenital the Zeppelin airships.

Maybach had to authority off abutting the new aggregation for a while as he was still in action with DMG so Karl took his place. On 23 March 1909, a accord was assuredly signed, creating an engine accessory to Luftschiffbau Zeppelin at Bissingen/Enz, in Württemberg. Wilhelm Maybach was Technical Assistant and Karl was Technical Manager. Their aboriginal designs accomplished 72 km/h (45 mph).

Wilhelm Maybach confused his aggregation to Friedrichshafen and renamed it Luftfahrzeug-Motoren-GmbH. Karl and Wilhem captivated 20% of the shares with an adjustment for Karl to inherit. They kept bartering Zeppelin, but formed on added aeroplane engines too. In 1912, the aggregation adopted the name Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (Maybach Engine Construction Company). In 1916, they developed a 160 hp aircraft engine which awash 2000 units afore the end of World War I. In 1916, Wilhelm Maybach was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the Technical University of Stuttgar

Maybach automobiles (1922)


After the Aboriginal World War, the Versailles Treaty of 1919 banned aeroplane assembly in Germany so Maybach angry to authoritative accelerated agent engines for argosy and railroad use, and petrol engines for automobiles, but not complete automobiles.

Many of the baby automakers in Germany congenital their own engines for amount affidavit and alone the Dutch Spyker aggregation was absorbed in demography Maybach engines. Wilhelm Maybach angry down the arrangement because he could not accede to its conditions. Instead, he autonomous to body complete automobiles and the branch began to aftermath Maybach limousines in 1921.

The aboriginal model, the Maybach W3, was apparent at the 1921 Auto Exposition in Berlin and featured

6-cylinder engine

4-wheel brakes

new manual system

maximum acceleration of 105 km/h (65 mph)

It was produced until 1928, affairs 300 units, mostly with auto bodies; the two-seat action adaptation was beneath successful. The Maybach W5 followed, with the top acceleration added to 135 km/h (84 mph); 250 units awash in 1927 and 1929.

Next Maybach produced the V12 car:

the aboriginal 12-cylinder German automobile

lightweight aluminium engine based on his aeroplane work

light admixture pistons

7-litre capacity

high torque and ability - 150 hp (110 kW) at 2,800 rpm

Only a few dozen were awash due to the German postwar bread-and-butter crisis. In 1930, its successor, the DS7-Zeppelin, aswell featured a 12-cylinder engine of 7 liters.

In August 1929, the Zeppelin LZ-127 acclimated 5 Maybach-V12 petrol engines of 550 hp (410 kW) each.

Neither Wilhelm nor Karl endemic a Maybach automobile.4 Wilhelm never even endemic a car. "He, who created the basics for the avant-garde automobilism, rarely activated a car for his claimed purposes. He absolved or took the tram. Although he could accept afforded one, he did not own a car